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考研英語(yǔ)每日練習(xí)
想要取得理想的考研英語(yǔ)成績(jī)，就一定要在這部分下功夫。那么，考研英語(yǔ)怎么練習(xí)?下面小編為大家整理的考研英語(yǔ)每日練習(xí)，希望大家喜歡!
句一：In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
解析：該句子的主干是John McWhorter sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English（John McWhorter認(rèn)為20世紀(jì)60年代反文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利應(yīng)對(duì)正式英語(yǔ)的退化負(fù)責(zé)）.in his latest book做狀語(yǔ)，書(shū)名Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like,Care充當(dāng)book的同位語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的成分a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views（一位語(yǔ)言學(xué)家，一個(gè)兼有自由主義和保守主義思想的爭(zhēng)議人物）是插入語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明John McWhorter的身份。
句二：In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. (2010--text 3)
解析：A cursory search 是主語(yǔ)，finds是賓語(yǔ)，that后是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，在賓語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)是small group of people, 謂語(yǔ)是帶ing的三個(gè)詞，這三個(gè)詞后要接賓語(yǔ)的，所以whatever又引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中，it做主語(yǔ)，is是系動(dòng)詞，whatever做表語(yǔ)。Before引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。該句是說(shuō)在很多情況下，對(duì)原因的粗略調(diào)查顯示，在其他人注意到這一潮流之前，一些小群體早就開(kāi)始了引領(lǐng)或發(fā)展潮流的做法。
句三：I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much publicized resignation from the editorship of Sheafter a build up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”,and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
解析：句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是I have discovered that.....（我已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)....） .that所跟賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”,（放棄“忙忙碌碌”的生活信條）和making the alternative move into “downshifting”（ 轉(zhuǎn)而選擇一種“放慢生活節(jié)奏”的生活），賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是brings with(帶來(lái))，as perhaps Kelsey will after her much publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress（就像凱希因壓力過(guò)大而高調(diào)地辭去了《她》雜志編輯一職后會(huì)可能發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣）既是全句的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，又是全句的插入語(yǔ)。
句四：His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition， can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、抽象詞
譯文：該社會(huì)學(xué)家的命題當(dāng)被應(yīng)用于針對(duì)美國(guó)黑人的歧視時(shí)，相對(duì)而言尚能適用，但他對(duì)種族偏見(jiàn)所下的定義 即 以種族為基礎(chǔ)的、針對(duì)某個(gè)群體的消級(jí)的先入之見(jiàn)，而該群體在任何特定的種族競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地區(qū)則被普遍認(rèn)作一種族 可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對(duì)加利福尼亞州的中國(guó)人以及中世紀(jì)的猶太人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態(tài)度。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪溟L(zhǎng)度驚人，插入部分比較長(zhǎng)，再加上不乏抽象詞，所以較為難懂，在表示轉(zhuǎn)折的后半個(gè)分鐘中，長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的插入語(yǔ)as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作為主語(yǔ)his definition of racial prejudice的同位語(yǔ)，使分句中的主謂相隔千山萬(wàn)水。除此之外，本句用詞抽象，語(yǔ)義難以理解，對(duì)讀者的詞匯功底要求較高�？荚嚞F(xiàn)場(chǎng)如無(wú)法讀懂，宜用合理化原則中的取非讀法，but之前的分句說(shuō)的是其論點(diǎn)對(duì)美國(guó)黑人的種族歧視是較為管用，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容就應(yīng)該說(shuō)其理論對(duì)華人和猶太人相對(duì)無(wú)用。
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精
法律類(lèi)
GOING BACK AND GETTING IT RIGHT
By almost every measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an adult for the Santana High School shootings. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.
So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D.A. in the U.S. to launch his very own Innocence Project. Yet last June, Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victories--this time playing for the other team. "I think people misunderstand being conservative for being biased," says Pfingst. "I consider myself a pragmatic guy, and I have no interest in putting innocent people in jail."
Around the U.S., flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors, however, there was an awkward pause. After all, each DNA test costs as much as $5,000. Then theres the unspoken risk: if dozens of innocents turn up, the D.A. will have indicted his shop.
But nine months later, no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted. Only the rare case merits review. Pfingsts team considers convictions before 1993, when the city started routine DNA testing. They discard cases if the defendant has been released. Of the 560 remaining files, they have re-examined 200, looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still claim innocence.
They have identified three so far. The most compelling involves a man serving 12 years for molesting a girl who was playing in his apartment. But others were there at the time. Police found a small drop of saliva on the victims shirt--too small a sample to test in 1991. Today that spot could free a man. Test results are due any day. Inspired by San Diego, 10 other counties in the U.S. are starting DNA audits.
By Amanda Ripley ez ncisco sijevic rtwell; Lisa McLaughlin; Joseph Pierro; Josh Tyrangiel and Sora Song
注(1)本文選自Time; 03/19/2001, Vol. 157 Issue 11, p62, 1p, 2c, 3bw
注(2)本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2004年真題text 1.
1.How did Pfingst carry out his own Innocence Project?
[A]By getting rid of his bias against the suspects.
[B]By revisiting the past victories.
[C]By using the newly developed DNA-testing tools.
[D]By his cooperation with his attorneys.
2.Which of the following can be an advantage of Innocence Project?
[A]To help correct the wrong judgments.
[B]To oust the unqualified prosecutors.
[C]To make the prosecutors in an awkward situation.
[D]To cheer up the defense attorneys and their jailed clients.
3.The expression “flabbergasted”(Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _______.
[A]excited
[B]competent
[C]embarrassed
[D]astounded
4.Why was Pfingst an unsentimental prosecutor?
[A]He intended to try a fifteen-year old suspect.
[B]He had no interest in putting the innocent in jail.
[C]He supported the controversial California law.
[D]He wanted to try suspect as young as fourteen.
5.Which of the following is not true according to the text?
[A]Pfingst’s move didn’t have a great coverage.
[B] Pfingst’s move had both the positive and negative effect.
[C] Pfingst’s move didn’t work well.
[D]Pfingst’s move greatly encouraged the jailed prisoners.
篇章剖析
本文采用的是記敘文的模式。第一段指出芬斯特作為一位鐵面無(wú)私的檢查官的一些做法;第二段指出芬斯特實(shí)施“清白計(jì)劃”的打算及做法;第三段指出實(shí)施“清白計(jì)劃”造成的反應(yīng)以及可能存在的問(wèn)題;第四段和第五段是實(shí)施“清白計(jì)劃”的結(jié)果和影響。
詞匯注釋
prosecutor [5prRsIkju:tE(r)]n.檢察官 ,檢察員,起訴人,原告
controversial [kRntrE5v:F(E)l]adj.爭(zhēng)論的, 爭(zhēng)議的
mandate [5mAndeIt]v.批準(zhǔn)制訂一個(gè)訓(xùn)令，如通過(guò)法律;發(fā)布命令或要求：
wager [5weIdVE(r)]v.下賭注, 保證
conviction [kEn5vIkF(E)n]n.定罪, 宣告有罪
unravel[Qn5rAv(E)l]v. 闡明, 解決
flabbergast[5flAbE^B:st; (?@) -^Ast]v.<口>使大吃一驚, 啞然失色, 使目瞪口呆
indict[In5daIt]v.起訴, 控告, 指控, 告發(fā)
bust[bQst]v.破產(chǎn)或缺錢(qián)
oust[aJst]v.剝奪, 取代, 驅(qū)逐
discard[dI5skB:d]v.拋開(kāi);遺棄;廢棄
molest[mE5lest]v.., 困擾, 調(diào)戲
saliva[sE5laIvE]n.口水, 唾液
難句突破
1.Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.
主體句式：…Pfingst had stood behind …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：Even before the tragedy是本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);主句是Pfingst had stood behind…;that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句修飾law;在從句中，as…as是一詞組，意思是“和…一樣”;出現(xiàn)的第三個(gè)as是介詞，意思是“作為”。
句子譯文：甚至在這場(chǎng)悲劇發(fā)生之前芬斯特就支持加利福尼亞州的一項(xiàng)頗有爭(zhēng)議的法律。這項(xiàng)法律規(guī)定，以成人身份受審的謀殺嫌疑犯的最低年齡可以降到十四歲。
題目分析
1.答案為C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中對(duì)應(yīng)信息“Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools.”是對(duì)第二段第一句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
2.答案為A，屬推理判斷題。從上下文我們可以得知，實(shí)施“清白計(jì)劃”就是使用先進(jìn)的DNA技術(shù)來(lái)重新審理過(guò)去的案件當(dāng)中可能存在的冤案錯(cuò)案。
3.答案為D, 屬猜詞題。從第二段第一句話(huà)我們得知芬斯特可能是美國(guó)第一個(gè)實(shí)施非常獨(dú)特的“清白計(jì)劃”的人，因此他的做法很可能是令人感到吃驚的，從而可猜出該詞的含義。
4.答案為B，屬推理判斷題。從第一段和第二段給出的事例我們可以看出，芬斯特不愿放過(guò)任何一個(gè)犯罪的人，即便他的年齡還不算大;他也不愿使無(wú)辜者蒙冤，即便案件已經(jīng)審理。
5.答案為C，屬推理判斷題。正因?yàn)?“Pfingst’s move works well”,美國(guó)才又有“ten other counties are starting DNA audits”,而且，“no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted”.
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