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      英語完全及物動詞語法

      時間:2022-10-25 05:45:13 考試英語 我要投稿
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      英語完全及物動詞語法

        下面是小編搜集整理的英語完全及物動詞語法,快來看看吧。

      英語完全及物動詞語法

        完全及物動詞

        稍早提到,完全及物動詞就是加了賓語后意思很完整的動詞,有主動及被動兩個語態(tài)。在此,我們要與大家討論主動語態(tài)。至于被動語態(tài)用法,我們則將在語態(tài)的專篇中再討論。完全及物動詞在主動語態(tài)中,用法極為簡單,句型如下:主語+完全及物動詞+賓語(Object,簡稱O.)

        例:Peter loves music.

        (彼得喜愛音樂。)

        They want to go dancing.

        (他們要去跳舞。)

        He thinks that the book is good.

        (他認為這本書很好。)

        完全及物動詞用法

        完全及物動詞的賓語有名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞從句及名詞短語等。同學稍加注意,就可發(fā)現(xiàn)這些詞類、短語或從句均有名詞的特性,故亦同時可以做主語。

        1.名詞充當及物動詞的賓語

        例:he didn't but that car.

        (他沒有買那部車。)

        2.代詞充當及物動詞的賓語

        例:i don't like john,indeed,i hate him.

        (我不喜歡約翰,事實上,我恨他。)

        3.動名詞充當及物動詞的賓語:并非所有及物動詞均可用動名詞做賓語。常以動名詞做賓語的動詞有下列幾個:

        例:he considered studying abroad.

        (他考慮出國念書。)

        i once imagined going to the beach with them.

        (我曾想象和他們?nèi)ズ_叀?

        i just can't fancy getting along with them.

        (我無法想象和他們相處的情形。)

        he risked doing it.

        (他冒險做這事。)

        i avoided seeing him again.

        (我避免再看見他。)

        he escaped being killed in the accident.

        (他在意外中幸免于難。)

        they suggested putting off the game.

        (他們建議比賽延期。)

        he recommended traveling abroad.

        (他建議去國外旅行。)

        i enjoy dancing.

        (我喜歡跳舞。)

        i resent having to do so much work.

        (我討厭要做這么多工作。)

        i practiced playing the piano.

        (我練習彈鋼琴。)

        he stopped/quit smoking.

        (他戒煙了。)

        would you mind opening the window for me?

        (你介意為我打開窗戶嗎?)

        注意

        resist+v-ing 拒絕=refuse+to+原形動詞

        例:i refused to do it.

        (我拒絕做此事。)

        i couldn't resist crying when i heard the sad news.

        (我聽見這個令人悲傷的消息時,忍不住哭了出來。)

        注意

        expect+to+原形動詞 期望……=anticipate+v-ing

        例:i expect to travel around the world with him.

        =i anticipate travelling around the world with him.

        (我期望和他一起環(huán)游世界。)

        注意

        stop+v-ing 停止=quit+v-ing=cease+v-ing/to+原形動詞

        例:he stopped writing when he saw me.

        (當他看見我時就不寫了。)

        he decided to quit smoking.

        (他決定戒煙。)

        he ceased to talk to her/(talking to her)after he knew she was so bad.

        (當他知道她這么壞時,就不再和她說話。)

        注意

        stop+to+原形動詞 停下來而去……

        例:he stopped to talk to me when he saw me.

        =he stopped(what he was doing)to talk to me when he saw me.

        (他看見我時,停下來和我說話。)

        注意

        continue(繼續(xù)),start(開始),begin(開始),like(喜歡),love(愛),dislike(不喜歡),hate(恨),可用不定式或動名詞做賓語,意思不變。

        例:he continued trying/(to try) it.

        (他繼續(xù)試著做。)

        they started building/(to build) the house.

        (他們開始建這棟房子。)

        i like/love/hate/dislike listenint/(to listen) to music.

        (我喜歡/愛/厭惡/不喜歡聽音樂。)

        4.名詞從句充當及物動詞的賓語

        稍早我們已為同學介紹名詞從句的構成方式、種類及其功能,再提醒一下,名詞從句有三種:

        (1)that he can't do it

        (他不能做此事)

        (2)whether he will come

        (他是否會來)

        (3)疑問詞引導的名詞從句

        when he will do it

        (他何時做)

        what he is doing

        (他正在做什么)

        how he'll handle it

        (他如何處理此事)

        為了方便記憶起見,我們可將名詞從句記成“戴慧怡”。戴:即that之訛音;慧:即whether第一音節(jié)之訛音;怡:即疑問詞從句“疑”之同音字,由于名詞從句具有名詞的功能,故亦可做及物動詞的賓語。

        例:i believe that he is a man of his word.

        (我相信他是個有信用的人。)

        i wonder whether he can do it.

        (我不知道他是否能夠做此事。)

        i don't know where he lives.

        (我不知道他住哪里。)

        注意

        that從句做及物動詞的賓語時,名詞從句連接詞that通常予以省略

        例:they feel(that)it is hard to do the job.

        (他們覺得做這件工作很難。)

        he thinks(that)the book is worthy of reading.

        (他認為這本書值得讀。)

        注意

        whether從句做及物動詞的賓語時,名詞從句連接詞whether亦可被if取代。

        例:i don't know whether the typhoon will come.

        =i don't know if the typhoon will come.

        (我不知道臺風是否會來。)

        i doubt whether the man is competent enough to handle it.

        =i doubt if the man is competent enough to handle it.

        (我不知道這個人是否有足夠的能力處理此事。)

        但:whether從句若做主語、介詞的賓語或be動詞的補語,則whether不可被if取代。

       、賥hether從句做主語:

        例:whether he can go is not yet known.(o)

        (他是否能去還不知道。)

        if he can go is not yet known.(x)

        但:it is not yet known whether he can go.(o)

        =it is not yet known if he can go.(o)

       、趙hether從句做介詞的賓語

        例:he is worried about whether he can join them.(o)

        (他很擔心是否能加入我們。)

        he is worried about if he can join them(x)

       、踳hether從句做be動詞的補語:

        例:the problem is whether he has enough money for the trip.

        (問題在于他是否有足夠的錢旅行。)

        the problem is if he has enough money for the trip.(x)

        5.名詞短語(構成方式見第一節(jié)第5項)充當及物動詞的賓語

        例:i know how to handle the problem.

        (我知道如何處理這問題。)

        i don't know whom to talk to.

        (我不知道該向誰說。)

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