英語語法名詞從句做主語
下面是小編整理的英語語法名詞從句做主語。一起來看看吧。
名詞從句做主語
1.名詞從句
他不用功令我生氣。
這個(gè)句子的主語雖然是“他不用功”，但若譯成he doesn't work hard,則大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。
he doesn't work hard makes me angry.(x)
因?yàn)閔e doesn't work hard是句子。所謂句子，就是一開頭就是主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(此處的he就是主語)。句子絕不能當(dāng)主語，一定要變成名詞從句方可做主語。故本句的正確譯法應(yīng)為：that he doesn't work hard makes me angry,(o)
2.名詞從句的種類
名詞從句一共有三種：that從句、whether從句、疑問詞所引導(dǎo)的從句
(1)that從句
任何一個(gè)主語起首的句子前面冠以that即成that從句。
he doesn't believe my words.-----that he doesn't believe my words(他不相信我說的'話。)
he enjoys dancing.-----that he enjoys dancing.(他愛跳舞。)
there is much work to do.-----that there is much work to do(有很多工作要做。)
(2)whether從句
本從句是由可用yes/no回答的問句變化而成。
�、賳柧溆衎e動(dòng)詞時(shí)：主語與be動(dòng)詞還原，前面冠以whether.
例：is he happy?-----whether he is happy(他是否快樂……)
�、趩柧溆幸话阒鷦�(dòng)詞(can,will,may,should,ought to,must,have)時(shí)：主語與助動(dòng)詞還原，前面冠以whether。
例：can he do it?-----whether he can do it(他是否能做這件事……)
has he done it?-----whether he has done it(他是否已做好這件事……)
③問句有do,does,did等助動(dòng)詞時(shí)：主語與助動(dòng)詞還原，再將do,does,did去掉，后面的動(dòng)詞依人稱和時(shí)態(tài)變化。
例：did he come?-----whether he did come(did為過去式，故come改為came)----whether he came(他來不來……)
does he like it?----whether he does like it(does為第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式，故like改為likes)----whether he likes it(他喜不喜歡它……)
(3)疑問詞從句
本從句是由疑問詞(when,what,how,where,why)等引導(dǎo)的問句變化而成。
①問句有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)：主語與be動(dòng)詞還原，前面保留疑問詞。
例：what is he doing?----what he is doing(他正在做什么……)
�、趩柧溆幸话阒鷦�(dòng)詞時(shí)：主語與助動(dòng)詞還原，前面保留疑問詞。
例：where can be find it?----where he can find it(他在哪里能找到它……)
③問句有do,does,did等助動(dòng)詞時(shí)：主語與助動(dòng)詞還原，前面保留疑問詞，再將do,does,did去掉，動(dòng)詞依人稱和時(shí)態(tài)變化。
例：what did he write?----what he did write(did為過去式，故write改為wrote)----what he wrote(他寫什么……)
when did he come?----when he did come(did為過去式，故come改為came)----when he came(他何時(shí)來……)
how does he do it?----how he does do it(does為第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式，故do改為does)----how he does it(他怎么做這件事……)
注意：
who,what,which(哪一個(gè))為疑問代詞，若在問句中做主語，變成名詞從句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)不變。
例：who came here?問句主語----who came here名詞從句(誰來這兒……)
what happened last night?問句主語----what happened last night名詞從句(昨晚發(fā)生什么事……)
which was bought?問句主語----which was bought名詞從句(哪個(gè)被買走……)
3.名詞從句的功能
我們已知，名詞從句是由敘述句子或問句變化而成，和動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語一樣，名詞從句也要被視為名詞。由于具有名詞的特性，故可做主語、謂語或be動(dòng)詞之后的補(bǔ)語。
(1)名詞從句做主語
例：that honesty is the best policy is a proverb(which)we should always keep in mind.(“誠實(shí)為上策”是一句我們應(yīng)時(shí)時(shí)謹(jǐn)記在心的箴言。)
where he lives is still a doubt.(他住哪里仍不確定。)
whether he can do it remains to be seen.(他能勝任與否仍有待觀察。)
注意：
動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語，名詞從句做主語時(shí)容易造成主語過大的現(xiàn)象，可用代詞it代替，置于句首，而被代替的名詞從句則置于句尾。
因?yàn)樯鲜龈骼淇筛膶憺椋?/p>
it is a proverb we should always keep in mind that honesty is the best policy
it is still a doubt where he lives.
it remains to be seen whether he can do it.
(2)名詞從句做動(dòng)詞的賓語
例：i know that he will go abroad in the nearest future.(我知道他最近即將出國。)
i wonder whether he has finished the work.(我懷疑他是否已做完工作了。)
i don't know how he'll handle it.(我不知道他將如何處理這件事。)
(3)名詞從句做介詞的賓語
注意：
用whether或疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句可做賓語，但that從句不可做介詞的賓語。
例：i am worried about whether he can do it.(我很擔(dān)心他是否能做這件事。)
i am suspicious of how he'll cope with the problem.(我懷疑他將如何應(yīng)付這個(gè)問題。)
i am sure of that the team has won the game.(x)遇有介詞，且非要使用that從句時(shí)，其補(bǔ)救方法如下：
�、俳樵~+the fact+that從句，如此，就可用the fact做介詞的賓語，而that從句就成了the fact的同位語。
例：i am sure of the fact that the team has won the game.(我確定這個(gè)隊(duì)贏了。)
i am worried about the fact that be doesn't study.(我很擔(dān)心他不念書。)
�、诒Ａ艚樵~，但不加the fact,且介詞之后的that從句要做適當(dāng)變化。第一步：除去that;第二步：that之后的主語變成所有格;第三步：動(dòng)詞變成動(dòng)名詞。
例：i am worried about that he plays around all day.----i am worried about his playing around all day.(我為他整天游手好閑而擔(dān)心。)
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